The word Viking was first used by the Anglo-Saxons some time between the 9th and 10th century, and it is uncertain what meaning they gave to the word. Viking appears three times in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in contexts that translate to either robber or pirate, but also appeared in Old English poems like the Battle of Maldon where 'wikingas' was synonymous with sailors.Scandinavian raiders, Vikings to the modern audience, were not called Vikings at the time, however, but instead called Northmen, Pagans, Heathens, or most often Danes. Raiders in Scotland and Ireland were often referred to as Norse. The Scandinavians themselves saw themselves as distinct groups, referring to one another as inhabitants of certain regions; men of Jutland, Vestfold, Hordaland etc.It is a modern idea, encouraged by German nationalism in the 1930s and 40s, that these Scandinavians could be treated as a single homogeneous group. Vikings is a word that carries modern connotations and doesn't distinguish these different groups within Scandinavia, so it is often avoided as term by historians and archaeologists alike.
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05-03-2025 alle ore 08:58
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