In a career that also incorporated a great deal of stage work, Elia Kazan directed only nineteen films. East of Eden (1955) provided the most formidable challenge of his filmmaking career, as it marked his first use of both color and anamorphic cinematography, in this case CinemaScope, which was wider (2.55:1) in the first two years of use before it settled into its standardized aspect ratio (2.35:1) in late 1955. Kazan's only preparation for East of Eden (1955) was the previous year's On the Waterfront (1954), which had been shot in the industry's brand new 1.85:1 ratio, only slightly wider than the academy ratio of 1.33:1 used before 1953. Though Kazan rose admirably and inventively to the challenge of filming anamorphically, he would do so again on only two occasions: Wild River (1960) and The Arrangement (1969).

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